Since its creation, Citroën has made history with innovative and daring models. Fifty-five years ago, at the 1970 Geneva Motor Show, Citroën unveiled two cars that would become icons: the GS and the SM. These two models, each in its own way, illustrated the spirit of innovation and expertise of the chevron brand, helping it to become the most collectible car brand in the world.
The Citroën GS: a revolution in the compact saloon class
In the early 1970s, Citroën needed to fill the gap between its small city cars, such as the 2CV and Ami 8, and the luxurious DS. The answer was the GS, a mid-size saloon that would redefine the standards in its class. Introduced in 1970, the GS immediately won over customers with its aerodynamic and modern design. Its sleek lines, low drag coefficient and exceptional comfort, thanks to the hydropneumatic suspension inherited from the DS, made it a car ahead of its time.
Under the bonnet, the GS was powered by a 1,015 cc air-cooled flat-4 engine developing 55 bhp, giving it a top speed of 147 km/h (93 mph). Despite its small displacement, its performance was respectable, thanks in part to its meticulous aerodynamics. The interior was no exception, with a futuristic dashboard featuring a roller speedometer and the brand's signature single-spoke steering wheel.
In 1971, the GS was voted "European Car of the Year" in recognition of its qualities and innovation. In the same year, Citroën expanded the range with the introduction of two variants: the Break, a five-door version with a generous 710-litre boot, and the Service, a three-door utility version designed for business travellers. It was a commercial success, with some 2.5 million units produced between 1970 and 1986, making the GS one of the brand's best-sellers.
Citroën SM: the alliance of luxury and performance
Alongside the GS, Citroën introduced the SM in 1970, a grand tourer that would leave a lasting impression with its boldness and refinement. The result of a collaboration between Citroën and Maserati, the SM (for "Sport Maserati") combined French expertise in comfort and technological innovation with Italian passion for performance.
Designed by Robert Opron, the SM's styling was decidedly futuristic. Its sleek silhouette, flowing lines and streamlined headlights gave it a unique look. Under the bonnet, the SM was powered by a Maserati-designed 2.7-litre V6 engine that produced up to 180 bhp and a top speed of over 220 km/h, making it one of the fastest front-wheel-drive cars of its time.
In addition to its performance, the SM was also notable for its technological innovations. It was equipped with Citroën's characteristic hydropneumatic suspension, which offered unparalleled driving comfort. The variable power steering, called Diravi, adjusted the steering effort according to the speed, giving exceptional handling. Four-wheel disc brakes, a height-adjustable and reach-adjustable steering wheel and directional headlights completed the technological arsenal.
The SM attracted a discerning clientele seeking a car that combined luxury, performance and innovation. Its illustrious owners included French President Georges Pompidou, footballer Johan Cruyff, broadcaster Jay Leno and actors Burt Reynolds and Daniel Craig. Today, the SM is a cult classic, a symbol of Citroën's ability to push boundaries and create vehicles that continue to inspire admiration and respect.
Fifty-five years after their launch in 1970, the GS and SM remain a testament to Citroën's audacity and innovation. They illustrate the brand's ability to offer vehicles ahead of their time, combining design, technology and comfort. Their legacy lives on, whether through passionate collectors' clubs or the stylistic influence they continue to exert on contemporary automotive creations. The GS and SM are just a glimpse of Citroën's rich history, a history punctuated by models that defined their era and continue to inspire the automotive world.
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